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Creators/Authors contains: "Stefani, Caroline"

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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Nature Communications)
    Abstract The formation of extracellular DNA traps (ETosis) is a first response mechanism by specific immune cells following exposure to microbes. Initially characterized in vertebrate neutrophils, cells capable of ETosis have been discovered recently in diverse non-vertebrate taxa. To assess the conservation of ETosis between evolutionarily distant non-vertebrate phyla, we observed and quantified ETosis using the model ctenophoreMnemiopsis leidyiand the oysterCrassostrea gigas. Here we report that ctenophores – thought to have diverged very early from the metazoan stem lineage – possess immune-like cells capable of phagocytosis and ETosis. We demonstrate that bothMnemiopsisandCrassostreaimmune cells undergo ETosis after exposure to diverse microbes and chemical agents that stimulate ion flux. We thus propose that ETosis is an evolutionarily conserved metazoan defense against pathogens. 
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